Composite vs Amalgam Fillings Made Simple
Choosing a filling is about more than just colour or cost. The best result comes from a plan that fits your mouth, habits, and goals. This guide explains composite and amalgam fillings in clear terms and shows how a personalized plan can make your restoration last longer with fewer surprises.
Which is better, composite or amalgam fillings?
Neither material is always “best.” Composite blends with teeth and preserves more enamel, while amalgam is tough for heavy biting. The right choice depends on cavity size and location, bite pressure, decay risk, budget, and your preferences. A personalized plan balances these factors for predictable results.
What are composite and amalgam, in plain language?
Composite is a tooth-coloured mix of resin and tiny glass. It bonds to the tooth like glue. Amalgam is a silver-coloured metal alloy that includes mercury bound with silver, tin, and copper. Dentists have used it safely for decades because it’s strong and reliable on back teeth.
How they look and feel
Composite looks like natural enamel, so it’s ideal for front teeth and smiles. Amalgam is visible, which matters less on molars. Composite can be shaped for a very natural look. Amalgam sets hard and resists heavy chewing forces.
How they hold up
Typical lifespan depends on you and your bite. Many composites last about 7–10 years; many amalgams last 10–15+ years with good care. If you grind or clench (bruxism), use back teeth hard, or have frequent snacking and sugar exposure, expect more wear on any filling.
When composite shines
Composite works well for small to medium cavities, especially on front teeth or visible areas. It also helps preserve more healthy enamel because it bonds to the tooth. Sensitive teeth may benefit from this bonding and insulation.
When amalgam makes sense
Amalgam remains a smart choice for large back-tooth cavities where the bite is strongest, or when you need a durable, cost-conscious option. It’s less technique-sensitive during placement and can be more forgiving when moisture control is tricky.
Safety and facts Canadians ask about
Both materials are considered safe for most people when used as directed. Health authorities and dental associations continue to monitor materials closely. If you’re pregnant, have specific medical conditions, or strong preferences, tell your dentist so your plan can be adjusted.
“The Canadian Dental Association supports the continued use of dental amalgam as a safe, effective and durable material for dental restorations.”
Materials at a glance, then go deeper if you like
If you want a simple overview of all common materials, you can compare common filling materials like composite, amalgam, ceramic, and glass ionomer to see where each one fits best.
Why individualized planning matters more than the brand of filling
Two people can get the same filling and have different outcomes. That’s why dentists look at the whole picture, then tailor the plan.
Key factors your dentist considers
– Cavity size, depth, and location
– Your bite and chewing pressure (especially if you grind or clench)
– Diet and decay risk (sugary drinks, frequent snacks, dry mouth)
– Gum health and saliva flow (dry mouth raises cavity risk)
– Any dental anxiety (so we pace the visit and ease stress)
– Your goals for appearance, durability, and budget
Practical wins from personalization
– More predictable outcomes and fewer re-treatments
– Lower risk of decay around the edges of the filling
– Better comfort, fewer sensitivity flare-ups
– A routine you can actually follow at home
What are fillings made of, exactly?
Curious about the ingredients and how they behave over time? You can see what cavity fillings are made of and how each behaves to understand strength, bonding, and wear.
Cost, coverage, and value in Canada
Fees in Canada usually follow provincial dental fee guides. Composite can cost more per surface than amalgam, especially on back teeth. Many Canadian insurance plans cover fillings under “basic” services, often at about 70–90% depending on your plan. Your dentist can help you phase treatment to make the most of yearly maximums.
Longevity and sensitivity tips
– Expect composites to last roughly 7–10 years and amalgams 10–15+ with good care.
– Night guard use can protect any filling if you grind your teeth.
– If you notice cold sensitivity after treatment, it often settles in a few weeks. If it doesn’t, call your dentist for an adjustment.
Modern options you may hear about
Advances continue in minimally invasive dentistry, bonding agents, and bioactive materials that can support enamel. To explore what’s new, learn about newer tooth filling methods and bioactive options and how they fit different bite forces and risk levels.
Real-world scenarios: how a tailored plan changes the answer
– You grind at night and cracked a large molar: a durable amalgam or an inlay/onlay might be wiser than a big cosmetic composite. Add a night guard to protect the repair.
– You want an invisible fix on a small front-tooth cavity: composite is a natural-looking choice that keeps more enamel.
– You sip soda through the day and get frequent cavities: the plan might include saliva and diet coaching, prescription fluoride, and shorter follow-up intervals regardless of filling type.
Your visit, step by step
1) Exam and imaging (X-rays, photos) to size and locate the cavity.
2) Material choice that fits the tooth and your goals (appearance, strength, budget).
3) Numbing (local anesthesia) for comfort.
4) Decay removal and tooth shaping. For composite, the tooth is conditioned and the material is built up in layers and light-cured. For amalgam, the material is placed and shaped to your bite.
5) Bite check and polish. You’ll get home-care tips tailored to your risks and routine.
How to keep any filling lasting longer
– Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and clean between teeth every day.
– Rinse with water after coffee, tea, juice, or alcohol to cut acid contact.
– Limit frequent snacking and sugary drinks; try to keep sweets with meals.
– Wear a night guard if you clench or grind.
– Book checkups on a schedule that fits your risk (some people do best at every 3–4 months; others at six months).
Conclusion
There’s no one-size-fits-all winner in the composite vs amalgam debate. Composite blends beautifully and preserves enamel. Amalgam is tough in high-pressure bite zones. The “right” choice is the one that fits your tooth, bite, lifestyle, and budget—and that’s where a personalized plan matters. Work with your dentist to balance strength, appearance, cost, and long-term health so your filling is comfortable and built to last.
FAQ
Are composite fillings as durable as amalgam?
For small to medium cavities, composite is durable and looks natural. For large back-tooth cavities under heavy bite force, amalgam usually wins on raw strength. Your dentist will factor in cavity size and your bite when recommending a material.
Is amalgam safe?
Major dental bodies consider amalgam safe and effective for most people. If you are pregnant, have specific medical concerns, or prefer to avoid metals, talk to your dentist so your plan can reflect your needs and preferences.
How long will my filling last?
Composite commonly lasts about 7–10 years and amalgam 10–15+ years. Grinding, diet (sugary or acidic drinks), dry mouth, and gum health affect lifespan. Regular checkups help catch small issues early so you get the most from your filling.
Can I switch from amalgam to composite just for looks?
Yes, but replacement is usually recommended only when it improves tooth health or function. Removing a stable filling removes extra tooth structure. Ask your dentist to weigh cosmetic benefits against tooth strength and long-term risks.
Why did my tooth feel sensitive after a new filling?
Mild, short-term sensitivity to cold or pressure is common. It often settles within days to a few weeks. If it lingers or aches when you bite, call your dentist. A small bite adjustment or liner may help.
Will insurance in Canada cover my filling?
Many plans cover fillings under “basic” services, often around 70–90%. Coverage varies by province and plan. Your dentist can give an estimate and help sequence care to fit your annual maximum.
