Understanding Overbites and Underbites
Overbites and underbites are common bite problems. They affect how your teeth fit together and how your jaws work. If left alone, they can lead to jaw discomfort, worn teeth, speech issues, or trouble chewing. The good news: modern orthodontics offers reliable ways to fix them at any age.
What is the difference between an overbite and an underbite?
An overbite means the upper front teeth overlap the lower front teeth more than normal. An underbite means the lower front teeth sit in front of the upper front teeth. Both can affect chewing, speech, comfort, and tooth wear. Treatment ranges from aligners and braces to jaw surgery.
What exactly are overbites and underbites?
Both are types of malocclusion, which simply means the bite doesn’t line up the way it should.
- Overbite: The top front teeth cover the bottom front teeth too much. A small overbite is normal, but a deep one can be a problem.
- Underbite: The bottom front teeth sit in front of the top front teeth, which can change your facial profile and strain the jaw.
If you want a simple starter overview, see a clear primer on overbites and underbites.
Why do these bite problems happen?
Causes are usually a mix of genetics and habits. Some people inherit jaw sizes that don’t match. Others develop issues from childhood habits. Sometimes injuries or missing teeth change the bite over time.
Common causes
- Genetics: Jaw size and shape often run in families.
- Childhood habits: Thumb sucking, long-term pacifier use, or tongue thrusting can push teeth or jaws out of balance.
- Jaw growth imbalance: One jaw grows faster or farther than the other.
- Missing or crowded teeth: Gaps or tight spaces can shift your bite.
- Trauma or growths: Injuries or rare jaw growths can change how teeth meet.
How do overbites and underbites affect daily life?
Effects vary from cosmetic concerns to real functional problems. Some people notice their front teeth wearing down quickly, or they hear popping/clicking at the jaw joint. Others struggle with certain words or foods.
Common signs and symptoms
- Jaw discomfort or headaches, especially around the joint in front of the ear
- Tooth wear or chipping on front teeth
- Chewing difficulty or avoiding hard foods
- Speech changes like a lisp
- Facial imbalance (for example, a protruding lower jaw in an underbite)
To understand why how your teeth meet matters, learn more about how your bite (occlusion) affects teeth and jaws.
Overbite vs underbite: the key differences
- Appearance: Overbite = upper teeth cover lower teeth too much. Underbite = lower teeth are in front of upper teeth.
- Main risks: Overbite often causes front-tooth wear and jaw tension. Underbite can make chewing harder and may lead to facial imbalance.
- Cause patterns: Both can be genetic. Habits and early tooth loss often worsen overbites; jaw growth differences commonly drive underbites.
- Care path: Both respond well to braces or clear aligners. Severe underbites more often need jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery) in adults.
How dentists and orthodontists diagnose bite problems
In Canada, your dentist will start with a complete exam, photos, and digital X-rays. If needed, you’ll be referred to an orthodontist (a specialist for bites and tooth alignment). Many clinics also use 3D scans to plan tooth movement and check jaw fit. You’ll discuss goals, lifestyle, and timing before choosing a plan.
Treatment options that work
Your age, jaw growth, and severity guide the plan. The aim is a balanced bite that looks natural, protects your teeth, and feels comfortable.
Braces and clear aligners
- Braces: Small brackets and a wire move teeth into a healthier position. Braces can handle mild to complex cases.
- Clear aligners: Removable trays (like Invisalign) straighten teeth more discreetly, best for mild to moderate cases when you can wear them 20–22 hours a day.
Curious about the bigger picture benefits? See how orthodontics improves your health and confidence.
Retainers
After braces or aligners, retainers keep your new smile in place. Skipping your retainer can let teeth drift back, so plan for long-term wear (often nightly).
Guiding jaw growth (children and teens)
- Palatal expanders: Widen a narrow upper jaw to create room and improve bite.
- Functional appliances: Help guide the lower or upper jaw’s growth into a better balance.
Extractions
In tight, crowded mouths, removing one or more teeth may create room so the arches can align properly.
Orthognathic surgery (for severe adult cases)
When the problem is the jaw position—not just tooth position—your team may recommend orthognathic surgery (jaw surgery). A surgeon repositions one or both jaws so the bite fits. It sounds big, but for the right patient it can solve chewing issues, reduce jaw pain, protect teeth from wear, and improve facial balance.
“The American Association of Orthodontists recommends that children get their first check-up with an orthodontist no later than age 7.”
— American Association of Orthodontists (AAO)
Care by age: what to know
Children and teens
Early checks make a difference. If an orthodontist sees a crossbite, narrow upper jaw, or strong underbite pattern, they can step in while the face and jaws are still growing. That might mean expanders, short phases of braces, or habit guidance. Early help can prevent extractions later and shorten full treatment time in the teen years.
Adults
It’s never too late. Adults regularly choose braces or aligners to fix long-standing overbites or underbites. If the jaw bones themselves are the main issue, your orthodontist and oral surgeon may plan surgery plus braces or aligners. Many adults report easier chewing, less jaw strain, and fewer cracked or worn teeth after treatment.
How long does treatment take?
Most orthodontic plans take 12–24 months. Mild bites can be faster; complex cases or surgery plans often take longer. Your orthodontist will outline a realistic timeline and how to keep things on track (wearing elastics, attending visits, protecting your teeth).
Simple habits that help treatment work
- Keep it clean: Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and floss once a day. Braces need extra attention around brackets and wires.
- Protect your teeth: If you grind at night, ask about a guard after treatment. If you play sports, use a mouthguard.
- Stick with it: Wear elastics and retainers as directed. Small daily habits make a big difference in results that last.
Overbite or underbite—how do I choose the right plan?
Your dentist or orthodontist will tailor a plan to your needs, budget, and lifestyle. They’ll explain if aligners are enough or if braces (or surgery) are better. You’ll also review pros, cons, and expected results so you feel confident about your choice.
Conclusion
Overbites and underbites are common—and very treatable. With today’s tools, most people can improve how their teeth and jaws fit, reduce wear and pain, and feel more confident. Start with a dental exam, ask your questions, and choose a plan that fits your life. Strong, balanced bites protect teeth for years to come.
FAQ
Are overbites and underbites bad for my health?
They can be. A poor bite can wear teeth down, make chewing harder, and strain the jaw joint. Some people get headaches or chipped front teeth. Fixing the bite often improves comfort and protects enamel.
What is the best age to treat these problems?
Age 7 is a smart time for a first check-up with an orthodontist. But teens and adults benefit too. Children may use growth-guiding appliances, while adults often choose braces or aligners, and sometimes jaw surgery for severe cases.
Do I have to get braces, or can aligners work?
Both can work. Clear aligners are great for mild to moderate bites if you wear them 20–22 hours a day. Braces handle simple to complex cases and don’t rely on patient wear time as much. Your orthodontist will advise based on your bite.
How long will treatment take?
Typical treatment lasts 12–24 months. Mild cases may be quicker; complex cases or those needing surgery may take longer. Following your plan (elastics, appointments, hygiene) helps avoid delays.
Can I prevent an overbite or underbite?
You can’t change your genes, but you can limit habits that push teeth out of place. For children, reduce long-term thumb sucking or pacifier use. Keep regular dental visits so any early changes are caught and treated.
Where can I learn more?
To understand bite alignment basics in plain language, read a clear primer on overbites and underbites. If you want to dig into why bite fit matters, explore how occlusion affects teeth and jaws. And if you’re considering care, see how orthodontics can improve your smile.
