Overbites and Underbites in Canada Causes and Fixes
Overbites and underbites are common bite problems. They can affect how you chew, speak, breathe, and even how your jaw feels day to day. The good news is that these issues are highly treatable at almost any age.
What are overbites and underbites, and how are they treated?
An overbite is when upper front teeth overlap lowers; an underbite is when lowers sit ahead of uppers. Causes include genetics and habits. Treatments range from braces or aligners and expanders to retainers, extractions, and jaw surgery in complex cases.
What they are in simple terms
An overbite means the top front teeth cover too much of the bottom front teeth. A small overbite is normal. A deep overbite can cause tooth wear and jaw strain. An underbite means the lower front teeth sit in front of the uppers. This can affect chewing, speech, and facial balance.
If you want a quick primer that compares these bite types side by side, see a clear explanation of overbites and underbites.
Why do overbites and underbites happen?
Genetics
Jaw size, tooth size, and growth patterns often run in families. Some people simply inherit a smaller upper jaw or a larger lower jaw (or the reverse). That difference can set up a deep overbite or an underbite.
Childhood habits
Thumb sucking, long-term pacifier use, and tongue thrusting (pushing the tongue forward when swallowing) can move teeth and affect jaw growth. If these habits continue beyond the toddler years, the bite can shift in ways that are harder to correct later.
Jaw growth differences
Sometimes one jaw grows faster or slower than the other. Growth differences during childhood and early teen years can lead to a deep overbite or an underbite. Early checks help spot this while it’s easiest to guide.
Tooth loss or misalignment
Missing teeth, crowding, or spacing change how the bite fits together. Over time, that can stress teeth and joints and make alignment worse.
Problems an untreated bite can cause
- Chewing and biting difficulty
- Speech issues, like a lisp
- Tooth wear, chipping, and a higher risk of cavities
- Jaw and TMJ pain (the jaw joint), headaches, and muscle tension
- Gum recession from traumatic bite contacts
A balanced bite spreads chewing forces properly and protects teeth and joints. For a deeper look at why bite alignment matters, explore how healthy occlusion supports dental health.
“The American Association of Orthodontists recommends that children get their first check-up with an orthodontist no later than age 7.” — American Association of Orthodontists
Early checks and prevention
Canadian orthodontists generally follow the age‑7 guideline for a first orthodontic visit. This doesn’t mean braces at seven. It means checking jaw growth, space for incoming adult teeth, and habits that might be pushing teeth out of line. Early advice can prevent bigger problems later.
Simple prevention tips
- Book regular dental checkups and cleanings.
- Help kids stop thumb sucking and pacifier use early.
- Ask your dentist about a tongue‑thrust assessment if you notice a forward swallow or open bite.
- Use a mouthguard for sports to prevent injuries that can change a bite.
If you’re curious how alignment affects more than your smile, learn about the health effects of crooked teeth and crowding.
How treatment works for kids vs adults
Kids and teens
In growing patients, orthodontists can often guide jaw growth with appliances. A palatal expander widens the upper jaw to create space and fix crossbites. Functional appliances can help balance how the upper and lower jaws meet. Braces or aligners then fine‑tune tooth positions.
Adults
Adults can absolutely correct overbites and underbites. Braces (metal or ceramic) are excellent for complex cases. Clear aligners work well for mild to moderate bite problems and are popular for work and social life. If a large jaw mismatch exists, jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery) may be paired with braces or aligners to move the jaws into a healthier position. Most adults don’t need surgery.
Treatment options at a glance
Braces and clear aligners
Both move teeth safely using light, steady forces. Braces are fixed to teeth and can handle almost any complexity. Aligners are removable trays worn 20–22 hours a day. They’re discreet and convenient but rely on great wear‑time habits.
Growth‑guidance appliances (children)
Palatal expanders widen the upper jaw, creating room and improving the way teeth meet. Functional appliances can encourage more balanced jaw growth. These tools are most effective while kids are still growing.
Retainers
After treatment, retainers keep teeth from drifting. Long‑term nightly wear is common. Skipping retainers is the number one reason teeth shift back.
Extractions (case by case)
If there’s severe crowding or a big jaw‑tooth size mismatch, carefully chosen extractions may allow a safer, healthier fit. Your orthodontist will explain pros and cons before recommending it.
Orthognathic surgery
In select adult cases with large jaw differences, surgery can position the jaws so the bite lines up properly. It’s planned together with orthodontic treatment. While the idea sounds daunting, it’s transformative for people who truly need it.
What to expect during a typical journey
- Consult and records: Photos, X‑rays, and scans to understand teeth and jaws.
- Personalized plan: Your orthodontist outlines options, timelines, and costs. For aligner cases, you’ll often see a digital preview.
- Active treatment: Braces or aligners with regular check‑ins to keep things on track.
- Retention: Retainers keep your new smile stable long term.
Daily care during treatment
Good home care protects your teeth and helps treatment stay on schedule.
- Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and clean between teeth (floss, floss threader, interdental brushes, or a water flosser).
- Limit sugary and acidic drinks. Rinse with water after coffee or tea.
- Wear elastics and your retainer exactly as instructed.
- Keep all checkups; small adjustments keep results on time.
Canadian costs and coverage basics
In Canada, orthodontic treatment is usually paid privately or through employer benefits. Many plans include an orthodontic lifetime maximum with a dollar cap. Fees vary by city and complexity. Mild cases can be a few thousand dollars; complex cases cost more. Ask for a written plan with timelines, what’s included, and payment options. Early interceptive treatment (like expanders) can sometimes shorten later care and help control total costs.
How long does treatment take?
Simple cases can finish in 6–12 months. Most moderate cases take 12–24 months. Complex bite changes or surgical plans can take 24 months or more. Wearing elastics, keeping appointments, and strong home care help stay within your timeline.
TMJ, breathing, and posture
A deep overbite or a strong underbite can strain the jaw joints and muscles. Some people develop jaw pain, headaches, or clicking joints. Correcting the bite can reduce that strain. In certain cases, expanding the upper jaw in children may support better nasal airflow. Your orthodontist will explain what applies to your situation.
Why a balanced bite matters
Aligned teeth are easier to clean. A healthy bite spreads chewing forces so teeth don’t wear down early. That means fewer chips, less sensitivity, and a lower risk of future dental work. You’re also likely to feel more comfortable and confident each day.
When to book an exam
See your dentist or an orthodontist if you notice chewing trouble, tooth wear or chipping, jaw clicking, frequent headaches, mouth breathing, or if your child’s front teeth look very protruded or reversed. For children, an orthodontic evaluation around age 7 is smart, even if you’re not sure there’s a problem.
Want to read more?
For context on why bite fit affects comfort and durability, here’s a helpful read on healthy bite alignment and occlusion (bite contact patterns). For a plain‑language primer comparing these bite types, see understanding overbites and underbites.
Conclusion
Overbites and underbites affect more than appearance—they can change how you chew, speak, breathe, and feel. The right plan—braces or aligners, growth guidance for kids, and surgery only when needed—can improve comfort and confidence. If you think you or your child may have a bite issue, start with a dental checkup and ask for an orthodontic opinion. Small steps now can make a big difference later.
FAQ
What’s the difference between an overbite, an overjet, and an underbite?
An overbite is vertical overlap of front teeth. Overjet is how far the top front teeth stick out forward. An underbite is when lower front teeth sit ahead of the uppers.
Can clear aligners fix an underbite?
For mild to moderate underbites caused mainly by tooth position, aligners can work well. If the underbite is from a large lower jaw, braces plus jaw surgery may be needed. Your orthodontist will assess jaw size and tooth position.
Do overbites cause TMJ pain?
They can. A deep overbite may overload front teeth and jaw joints. Not everyone develops pain, but improving the bite often reduces muscle strain and jaw discomfort.
What is a palatal expander and why is it used?
A palatal expander gently widens the upper jaw in growing children. It creates room for teeth, helps fix crossbites, and may support better nasal airflow. Expanders can also reduce the need for extractions later.
How long do I need to wear a retainer?
Expect long‑term nightly wear. Teeth can slowly drift as we age. Retainers help protect your investment and keep your smile where you want it.
Is orthodontic care covered in Canada?
Public plans rarely cover orthodontics unless there are severe medical needs. Many employer plans include an orthodontic benefit with a lifetime maximum. Ask for a written estimate and check your policy before you start.
